The Expert Podcast

What is vehicle forensics? Like every other type of investigative forensics, it's a process of recovering and then analyzing records to find answers that may not be readily available. Think of a forensics examiner analyzing a dead body—they look through injuries, drug tests, and other medical evaluations. Similarly, vehicle forensics applies these investigative principles to vehicles. It is an extremely valuable method for obtaining information about the activity of the owner.

From car to court, vehicle forensics provides a robust legal process to obtain records about a person. There are several components in a vehicle that contain valuable information. One is the "black box," a device in a vehicle that controls all operational aspects, such as the engine, transmission, door locks, lights, horn, and radio. This device, known as the ECM (Electronic Control Module), may also store data such as how hard the brakes were pressed, the throttle position, or any airbag or anti-lock brake indications. It can give a detailed history of the vehicle's operation and is sometimes connected to GPS, revealing when and where events occurred.

Another related system is the infotainment system. This often connects to the GPS and includes Bluetooth, cell phone connections, and app integration. It can provide insights into the operator’s or owner’s mobile device. Data such as text messages, emails, and phone call logs can sometimes be accessed through the infotainment system.

A third component is the ECU (Electronic Control Unit), which focuses on mechanical aspects of the vehicle. These units are distributed across the vehicle and may monitor systems such as the exhaust, brakes, and air conditioning. They connect to the ECM and provide sensor data about the vehicle's status, including system temperatures, tire rotation speeds, and coolant conditions. This information can be critical in determining accidents or other activities. For example, in a divorce case, the data revealed that the passenger door was opened and the seat sensor detected a weight over 60 pounds, proving the person was not alone.

E-call units are another segment of vehicle technology. These emergency systems automatically dial 911 in case of a collision or rollover. They transmit critical data, such as the vehicle's GPS coordinates, direction of travel, VIN number, and whether seat belts were fastened. These units also allow drivers to manually contact emergency services, similar to systems like GM’s OnStar.

Key fobs, or remote controls for vehicles, are also highly advanced. Modern key fobs can open doors, turn on lights, and start vehicles remotely. They collect data and store records such as the VIN number of the vehicle and the date and time the car was locked or unlocked.

Cameras in vehicles are another valuable source of information. Many modern cars have backup cameras and dashboard cameras. Backup cameras have been required in new vehicles since 2012 or 2014 and can collect footage useful for solving crimes.

If you have access to a vehicle during an investigation—whether for fraud, divorce, or financial issues—you may uncover a wealth of information. Vehicles often collect more data than a phone, including GPS coordinates, door lock status, and operational history. This information can be instrumental in determining a subject’s activities or even their location.